Historical Overview of Settlers
The first large group of Scottish settlers arrived in 1739, establishing the Argyll Colony along the Cape Fear River. The area was named after a Scottish county known for its whiskey. More than 20,000 additional Scottish settlers arrived in the area between the 1760s and 1780s, creating the communities of Campbellton and Cross Creek. These two settlements would become united and named “Fayetteville” in 1783. Many settlers settled in areas that are now Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, and Moore counties.
Some believe that a second mass migration of Scottish settlers occurred after the Highland Scots lost the Battle of Culloden to the British in 1746. This historic event marked a significant turning point, prompting many Scots to seek new opportunities in the American colonies.
The Scottish migration to the colonies was driven by multiple socioeconomic factors that deeply impacted their homeland. Economic hardships and political instability were among the primary reasons that motivated Scots to emigrate.
Additionally, British authorities implemented a new policy after the Battle of Culloden, allowing Scots to emigrate to the colonies after swearing a loyalty oath. This policy change significantly influenced the migration patterns, leading to a notable increase in Scottish settlers in the American colonies.
Many Scots were motivated by a strong desire to preserve their cultural heritage and traditional values, which they felt were under threat in their homeland. Most common Highland immigrants spoke only Gaelic, leading to the widespread publication of various colonial documents in Gaelic throughout the 18th century.
While Scottish elites who received British education were fluent in English, the linguistic reality of the common Highland immigrants played a crucial role in maintaining their cultural identity in the new world.
In this area, a thriving and influential merchant class emerged, marked by several notable Scottish businessmen who shaped the local economy. Prominent figures included Andrew Broadfoot, who established successful trading ventures, Robert Adam, known for his commercial acumen, James Hogg, who developed significant business interests, and Robert Donaldson, who contributed to the area's mercantile growth.
The community also benefited from skilled Scottish artisans and tradesmen, with accomplished stonemasons like George Lauder and talented architects and builders such as William Bell. Their legacy lives on in the historic buildings that still stand today, serving as tangible reminders of this prosperous merchant class.
Agriculture remained the primary livelihood for many Scottish settlers. They cultivated a diverse range of crops adapted to the local climate, including maize, wheat, oats, sweet potatoes, legumes, and flax. The establishment of grist mills proved crucial for processing corn into meal, a staple food product.
The naval stores industry emerged as another significant economic activity, producing essential shipping materials like tar, pitch, and turpentine. This industry operated alongside related enterprises such as sawmilling and coopering. The cotton industry also developed into a profitable venture, particularly benefiting Scottish women and girls who found employment in spinning and processing activities, contributing significantly to household incomes.
The Scottish influence runs deep throughout North Carolina, evident in the numerous streets and residents bearing Scottish surnames. This rich heritage continues to thrive through various cultural celebrations held throughout the year. The Highland Games showcase traditional Scottish athletics and music, while Tartan Day honors Scottish-American contributions. The annual Robert Burns’ Supper pays homage to Scotland's national poet with traditional haggis, poetry readings, and bagpipe performances, keeping the state's Scottish traditions vibrantly alive today.
Burns Night: Guide to the Celebration
Burns Night, or Burns' Supper, is a celebration of the life and poetry of Robert Burns, a revered Scottish poet born on January 25, 1759. The tradition began on July 21, 1801, when Burns' friends gathered at his cottage in Ayrshire to commemorate the fifth anniversary of his death.
Since then, Burns Night has become a significant Scottish tradition, observed annually on January 25th, Robert Burns' birthday. The event honors his literary contributions and reflects on Scottish culture and heritage.
The Burns Supper menu is a celebration of traditional Scottish cuisine. The meal typically begins with a soup course, featuring options like Scottish broth, potato soup, Cullen skink (a smoked haddock soup), or cock-a-leekie (a leek and chicken soup).
The highlight of the meal is undoubtedly the haggis, a dish made by stuffing sheep's innards with various ingredients and boiling it. It's traditionally served with 'neeps and tatties'—mashed turnips and potatoes. Depending on the host, additional courses such as dessert, cheese, or coffee may be included, all offering more traditional Scottish fare.
The ceremonial aspects of Burns Night add a sense of tradition and reverence. As guests arrive, a bagpiper plays, setting the tone for the evening. Once everyone is seated, grace is said, often using the 'Selkirk Grace,' a well-known Scottish prayer.
The arrival of the haggis is a momentous occasion. Guests stand as a bagpiper leads the procession of the haggis to the table. The host or a guest then recites 'The Address to a Haggis,' a poem by Robert Burns. This is followed by a whiskey toast, and guests sit down to enjoy their meal.
After the main meal, the host or selected guests may share stories about Robert Burns' life or perform his poems and songs. This not only honors Burns but also entertains and educates the attendees.
A key part of the evening is the series of toasts. The 'Immortal Memory' toast honors Robert Burns' legacy. The 'Address to the Lassies' thanks the women who prepared the meal, followed by a toast to their health. The women then respond with the 'Reply to the Laddies,' concluding with another toast. These speeches and toasts add a lively and interactive element to the celebration.
Join Cape Fear Valley Scottish Clans for their Burns Night
The Cape Fear Valley Scottish Clans, a local group, will be hosting their own Burns Night. The group was officially chartered on Aug. 23, 1954, and rechartered in September 1993. Their dedication to maintaining and promoting Scottish heritage has made them a cornerstone of the local community.
The mission of the Cape Fear Valley Scottish Clans is to preserve the history and traditions of the Scots who settled in the region. They achieve this by collecting and preserving records and history, promoting social activities, and coordinating Scottish participation in local and regional civic events.
As a 501(3)c charitable organization, CFVSC also focuses on educating the community about Scottish heritage and encouraging participation from anyone interested in Scottish or Celtic history. With a membership of 80-100 people, they create a welcoming environment for all.
One of the most anticipated events hosted by CFVSC is their Burns Night, which has been a tradition since 1988. This year's Burns Night will take place on January 25 at Gates Four Country Club, starting at 5 p.m.
Guests can look forward to an evening filled with traditional Scottish music from Cross Creek Pipes and Drums, as well as a menu featuring haggis and tatties. Marianne O'Loane, a spokesperson for CFVSC, emphasizes the importance of this event in keeping Scottish traditions alive. She also encourages people to attend because it is a fun and enriching experience.
Tickets for their Burns Night are $37.50 per person, $75 per couple and $10 for a kids' plate. Men are asked to dress in Highland, Military or coat and tie attire. Preferred attire for women is dressy and elegant evening wear. Gates Four Country Club is located at 6775 Irongate Drive. If you are interested in learning more about Burns Night or would like to purchase tickets visit https://www.cfvscots.org/.
Get Involved
If you are interested in Scottish or Celtic history, CFVSC welcomes you with open arms. You don't need a Scottish name or lineage to join; all that is required is an interest in the culture and a willingness to participate.
Becoming a member is a great way to immerse yourself in Scottish traditions, meet new people, and contribute to the preservation of a rich cultural heritage. Whether you are a descendant of Scots or simply have a passion for history, CFVSC offers a community where you can belong. A membership form can be downloaded from the CFVSC website here: https://www.cfvscots.org/
Don’t miss the Gaelic Beginnings Trail, a self-guided heritage trail that maps out key locations and buildings that remain from early Scottish settlers. See the details for the Gaelic Beginnings Heritage Trail here: https://tinyurl.com/546zhcvr
There are also many great resources to learn if you have Scottish roots. The CFVSC has resources on their website at https://www.cfvscots.org/ and also be sure to visit https://ncgenweb.us/cumberland/scottish.htm for additional tools and resources.